Since British physicists invented stereoscope in 1838 and French niepp period took the first stereoscopic image photo in 1882 according to the theory of temporary vision, various three-dimensional imaging and display technologies have attracted more and more attention in various fields such as scientific research, industry, entertainment, medical treatment, architecture and military affairs. In particular, the release of the 3D film "avatar" in 2010 greatly boosted the demand for 3D display products. Nowadays, 3D products are widely used in people's life, including 3D effect labels, which indicates that 2d images cannot meet people's needs in some aspects, and people prefer to feel the strong visual impact brought by 3D effects displayed on 2d planes.

From the perspective of the current anti-counterfeiting technology and anti-counterfeiting market, three-dimensional printing anti-counterfeiting, lens anti-counterfeiting and laser holographic anti-counterfeiting technology have been widely used in the anti-counterfeiting logo and packaging of commodities. However, these three anti-counterfeiting technologies of three-dimensional display still have their own defects.

Three-dimensional printing anti-counterfeiting technology is the most widely used column mirror grating anti-counterfeiting technology, compared with slit grating anti-counterfeiting technology, it does not need any additional light source to help the naked eye to see the three-dimensional effect. From the perspective of cylindrical grating products, it has only horizontal parallax, but no vertical parallax, that is, the viewer can only see the stereoscopic dynamic effect in the horizontal direction but not in the vertical direction, which is the defect of the technology itself. Secondly, at present, the number of lines of column mirror grating three-dimensional anti-counterfeiting products on the market is generally less than 200LPI, and it is difficult to reach more than 200LPI, which is largely due to the insufficient precision of the manufacturing equipment. The height of the number of lines determines the thickness of the column mirror, the lower the number of lines, the thicker the column mirror, which determines that it can only be used in low-end anti-counterfeiting and packaging products.

At present, although the application of lens anti-counterfeiting technology is not widely used in column mirror grating three-dimensional printing anti-counterfeiting technology and laser holographic anti-counterfeiting technology, the lens anti-counterfeiting technology is generally applied in high-end product packaging. After 2011, HP gradually replaced the lens color changing security label on the cartridge case with the microlens security label, so it can be seen that the microlens security technology may replace the mirror grating security technology. On the one hand, because the microlens has both horizontal parallax and vertical parallax, the viewers can see the three-dimensional effect of anti-counterfeiting products in all aspects. On the other hand, the number of lines of microlens can be higher than that of cylindrical grating. Tests of HP's latest microlens security label found that the number of lines can reach about 733LPI. The institute of anti-counterfeiting materials and technology of Beijing institute of printing and technology has made anti-counterfeiting film of 540 lines with microlens, but because of its high number of lines, micrographics and texts are difficult to align with it and cannot be printed with stereoscopic effect, and the whole process preparation cost is too high, small enterprises generally can not afford it.

Laser holographic three-dimensional anti-counterfeiting technology is applied earlier than the previous two, since the 1980s, began to be used in the 1990s in China. Compared with the first two anti-counterfeiting methods, its performance of the original color advantages far ahead, because the laser hologram can truly show the original scenery, but also can reflect a variety of colors. At the same time in the content than the first two more rich, such as the current market microlens anti-counterfeiting products can only show monochrome effect. However, three-dimensional holographic anti-counterfeiting technology in three-dimensional, dynamic effect than the previous two, and because of laser holographic color complex, if consumers do not carefully observe it is difficult to distinguish the authenticity.

To sum up, although three-dimensional display anti-counterfeiting technology has a broad prospect, there are still some problems that need to be solved.

(1) column mirror grating three-dimensional anti-counterfeiting technology only has horizontal parallax.

(2) the production cost of anti-counterfeiting film of microlens is too high, and the unit microlens and micrographics are difficult to align.

(3) the three-dimensional and dynamic effects of laser holographic three-dimensional anti-counterfeiting technology are not strong.

In the future, three-dimensional display anti-counterfeiting technology will develop towards the direction of naked eye, full perspective, strong three-dimensional sense and low cost.